By Ray JohnsonWelcome to both first-time and returning readers. Episode One was a primer on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC) and the framework for governments to act on IPCC advice, with a final sentence “Time is running out.” A lot has happened since. The unprecedented weather events in south-east Queensland and northern NSW are but one expression of climate change.Today we look at the three IPCC Assessment Working Groups. It’s timely, as on 1 March the IPCC agreed (media release) on the outlines for each Working Group contribution (21 page pdf version) to the Seventh Assessment Report (AR7) scheduled for delivery late 2029. The pdf contains all Working Group outlines.Working Group I (WGI), The Physical Science Basis, assesses the science basis of the non-living systems associated with climate change. Topics include: greenhouse gases and aerosols; temperature changes (air, land and ocean); the hydrological (water) cycle and changing rain and snow patterns; extreme weather; glaciers and ice sheets; oceans and sea level; biogeochemistry and the carbon cycle; and climate sensitivity. (p1-13 of pdf)Working Group II (WGII), Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, assesses “the vulnerability of socio- economic and natural systems to climate change, negative and positive consequences of climate change and options for adapting to it.” The first dot point of the first chapter of the draft WGII outline is “Facing accelerating climate change and adapting to compounding threats in a poly-crisis world.” This gives a strong hint of the path the science is predicting. The IPCC also approved an outline for an update to the 1994 IPCC Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations.(p14-15 of pdf)Working Group III (WGIII) focuses on climate change mitigation, assessing methods for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. This groups Sixth Assessment Report stated up front: “Globally, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and population growth remained the strongest drivers of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the last decade (robust evidence, high agreement). Trends since 1990 continued in the years 2010 to 2019 with GDP per capita and population growth increasing emissions by 2.3% and 1.2% yr –1, respectively.“ Yes it’s us. This outline is wide-ranging, complex and detailed. (p16-21 of pdf)WGI (Physical Science) also provided a Background Information paper for the IPCC approval meeting agenda item. Descriptions of various consultations highlight both agreement and debates within a wide range of specialist areas. The language is accessible, high-level not overly technical, and clear headings allow sections that may not be of interest to be skimmed or skipped e.g. procedural sections.At 55 pages it’s a bit of a read but I strongly recommend at least a skim of Section 8. Annotated Outline of the AR7 WGI Chapters (p15-30) to anyone studying climate change or involved in planning or policy development. There’s an insight for everyone. Best read with the Outline pdf open as well.Some might find it fascinating … I did. My takeouts were:• The extent and depth of consultation – remember this is just for the outlines• The rationales for the decisions including significant changes from the WGI AR6 report• The sense that much of the earlier science has either been accepted or rejected (more concise)• The stronger focus on regional climate change• The exploration of “Abrupt changes, tipping points and high impact events in the Earth system”• The emphasis on better coordination – “Favor interdisciplinary interactions with other WGs”• The transparency and accountability of the process.

Kiama’s natural beauty and biodiversity are central to its identity, but with increasing development pressures, how can we ensure that growth enhances rather than threatens these environmental assets?With the Kiama Draft Growth and Housing Strategy V2 under discussion, there is a valuable opportunity for the community, developers, and environmental groups to work together to embed stronger protections for native vegetation.Local groups such as Landcare and Bushcare already play a vital role in preserving and restoring bushland. Their volunteer-driven efforts remove invasive species, replant native flora, and support habitat regeneration. Revegetation of Fountaindale Dam at JamberooWhen communities take ownership of conservation, long-term environmental benefits follow. However, these efforts need to be backed by structured planning and developer accountability to ensure meaningful impact.One approach is Voluntary Planning Agreements (VPAs), legal agreements between councils and developers that ensure public benefits are delivered as part of new developments. In Kiama, VPAs could be tailored to prioritise native vegetation projects, establish conservation zones within developments, and secure long-term funding for land management. Developers could also collaborate directly with community groups to identify areas for revegetation, ensuring that habitat protection goes beyond compliance to become a shared responsibility.The Kiama Draft Growth and Housing Strategy V2 provides an opportunity to embed these principles in Kiama’s planning framework. A well-designed system would ensure environmental obligations are not treated as an afterthought but are integrated into development approvals from the outset. With a collaborative approach between council, community organisations, and developers, Kiama can balance growth with conservation, protecting its green spaces for generations to come.Have your say online here

This article is based on an interview between Bernie Hems from KCR and Councillor Melinda Lawton on 4 March 2025. The conversation covered key issues including council transparency, conservation efforts in the Jamberoo Rainforest Wetlands, and the future of Kiama’s housing strategy.Cr Melinda Lawton believes the Kiama community deserves more than just final voting outcomes on council decisions. She wants more explanation around confidential items to ensure residents understand the reasoning behind key choices."It is difficult to figure out what’s going on in the minutes,” she said, explaining that council’s role isn’t just about cutting costs but also about improving revenue streams while delivering better services.Cr Lawton is also pushing for stronger protections for the Jamberoo Rainforest and Wetlands. At a meeting on 14 February, around 40 people gathered to form a new working Landcare group, supported by Landcare Illawarra.The group will focus on regeneration, conservation, and seeking grants.Stakeholders including Jamberoo Valley Ratepayers and Residents Association (JVRRA), Landcare Illawarra, WIRES and local wombat rehabilitation representatives attended, highlighting the ecological significance of the area.“There are 185 recorded bird species in the Jamberoo Rainforest and Westland’s ” Cr Lawton said. “It’s a biodiversity hotspot, and we need to protect it.”Environmental expert Howard H Jones raised concerns that only 4% of the region’s original wetlands remains due to land clearing and development.Efforts are now underway to have the wetlands officially registered for greater protection.Cr Lawton initially pushed for more time before releasing the revised local housing strategy for public consultation.However, council extended the consultation period to 60 days, giving the community a chance to review the document.“This is the biggest decision we will make as a council,” she said. “We need proper community consultation, not just written submissions.”She supports holding panel discussions where experts can explain the strategy and answer public questions.One key issue is the inclusion of new development sites in the latest version of the plan.The controversial West Kiama development, previously rejected by council, was later approved by the Southern Regional Planning Panel despite ongoing concerns about infrastructure and environmental impact.“I still have reservations,” she said. “Growth must be well planned and sustainable.”Upcoming community sessions will be held at Kiama Farmers’ Market on 26 March and Gerringong IGA on 27 March.Residents can also review the strategy on the council website and submit feedback through an online questionnaire.Cr Lawton’s message is clear: the future of Kiama must be shaped with community input, careful planning and environmental responsibility.With The Bugle and Kiama Community Radio continuing to provide reliable coverage, the community remains informed and engaged in these vital discussions. Tune into Bernie Hems show at 9 am on Tuesdays on KCR.

By Ray JohnsonEpisode 1 – The IPCCWelcome to the first of a series of informative articles on Climate Change. The aim is to provide easy to read explainers of climate change science, its organisations, processes, issues and implications. We start with a primer on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC) and the framework for governments to act on IPCC advice.  The IPCC is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) established the IPCC in 1988. Its mission was to “prepare a comprehensive review and recommendations with respect to: the state of knowledge of the science of climate change; the social and economic impact of climate change, and potential response strategies and elements for inclusion in a possible future international convention on climate.” Over time the IPCC core mandate has continued, the science has evolved, and the confidence in key scientific findings has increased to the highest levels.The IPCC has so far produced six assessments and a range of reports and papers. These assessments underpinned the creation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC - 1994), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), and the Paris Agreement (2016). The Paris Agreement’s goal is to hold “the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels” and pursue efforts “to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degree C above pre-industrial levels.” The Sixth Assessment was finalised in March 2023 and the Seventh Assessment is due late 2029.Each Assessment consists of three Working Group reports and a Synthesis Report. The Sixth Assessment factsheet (8 pages) demonstrates the immense effort and detail that goes into each assessment cycle. Across the three working group reports there were 782 authors and editors, nearly 200,000 comments by experts and governments, and over 66,000 research citations.  What is the impact of all this advice? The UNFCCC has been ratified by 198 countries, virtually universal support. The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty, adopted by 196 parties. The parties of the Framework Convention come together to form the Conference of the Parties (COP), the ‘supreme’ decision-making body of the Convention. The COP meets regularly, typically annually, and the COP Presidency rotates among the five recognised UN regions - Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe and Others.  Brazil hosts COP30, the next meeting, in November this year (2025). This meeting is vitally important as it is here that nations need to commit to action to meet the Paris Agreement targets. In a recent speech in Brazil, UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell said “Because these national plans are among the most important policy documents governments will produce this century, their quality should be the paramount consideration.” The original deadline for national plans was 10 February but Secretary Stiell indicated September was a hard deadline.Climate Action Tracker paints a grim picture: “Only six of the [42] countries the Climate Action Tracker analyses have submitted their new 2035 climate targets in time for the Paris Agreement's 10 February 2025 deadline, and only one — the UK — is proposing actions at home that are 1.5 degree C-aligned.” One of the six was the USA. On 20 January 2025 President Trump signed an Executive Order withdrawing the USA “from any agreement, pact, accord, or similar commitment made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.”  In Australia Sky News reports: “Both major parties avoid 2035 Paris Accord [Agreement] climate commitments ahead of federal election”.  The science, advice and governance frameworks are in place. The need is political will. Time is running out.

If you have ever had a child insist on picking up rubbish at the beach or question why something is not being recycled, you will know that kids often lead the way. They see the world with fresh eyes, unburdened by the habits that adults have normalised. When sustainability becomes part of their learning, it quickly spreads to families and the wider community. Schools are the perfect place to start when it comes to embedding best practice in waste management. Normalising sustainability in childhood makes it second nature for life. But what happens when the passionate teacher who drives these initiatives moves on? Without structured support, many programs disappear. Few people understand this challenge better than Sue Hassler. An educator and sustainability leader, Sue helped transform waste management engagement in schools and communities. From pioneering recycling programs at Gerringong Public School to creating the Sustainable Schools Australia Facebook group with over 8,000 members, Sue has seen first-hand how sustainability efforts thrive when embedded into a school’s culture – and how quickly they can fade when they are not. Sue’s work first gained national attention when Gerringong Public School joined the Kreative Koalas program, winning Best Community Project and being featured on ABC’s War on Waste in 2018. Students conducted plastics audits, overhauled the school’s bin system, and established a TerraCycle Drop-off Point, collecting over 60,000 hard-to-recycle items. Their efforts drastically cut waste, reducing landfill bins from 21 per week to just four.Beyond the school gates, their mascot Captain Koala became a community-wide recycling hub, reinforcing sustainable habits across the region. But these initiatives did not survive long-term.“When I left, it all fell apart,” Sue said. “There was no plan in place to sustain it, and the priorities of leadership changed.”This is a common issue in schools. Without systemic support from leadership and structured policies to ensure sustainability programs continue, they often disappear when the teacher championing them moves on. Sue believes the key to long-term sustainability lies in whole-school integration.“It has to come from the top down,” she said. “Sustainability should not be an ‘extra’ that only happens if a teacher is passionate about it. It needs to be embedded in school policies, supported by leadership, and incorporated into everyday learning.” She suggests several strategies to ensure programs last: ✔ Leadership support – School principals must value and prioritise sustainability. ✔ Staff engagement – A small team should lead programs, so they do not rely on one person. ✔ Community involvement – Engaging parents, local businesses, and councils strengthens long-term impact. ✔ Education department backing – Statewide policies should mandate sustainability education, rather than treating it as an optional add-on. While sustainability is included in the curriculum, Sue points out that there are no clear requirements for how much time schools must dedicate to it.“A school can spend five minutes on sustainability and tick the box, or they can spend five hours making real change,” she said. “Without guidelines, it varies hugely between schools. If we want sustainability to be the norm, it needs to be built into teacher training and school leadership programs.” Despite these challenges, Sue remains committed to spreading best practices. She continues to run Sustainable Schools Australia, where educators share resources and support to implement sustainability initiatives. For teachers looking to make an impact, her advice is simple – start small and make it visible.“You do not have to do everything at once,” she said. “Begin with something manageable, like a recycling program or reducing plastic in lunchboxes. The key is to involve students, engage the community, and make sustainability a normal part of school life.” Sue’s experience highlights an important lesson – real change happens when sustainability is embedded into culture, curriculum, and community. Because when kids take the lead, they do not just follow the rules – they reshape the future.

Love for the Wetlands was evident at the Jerrara Rainforest and Wetlands Reserve Community Meeting, held on Valentine’s Day, where an overwhelming turnout required organisers to double the number of chairs initially set up. Initiated and co-hosted by the Jamberoo Valley Ratepayers and Residents Association (JVRRA) with Landcare Illawarra, the event saw residents, experts, and Kiama Councillors Melissa Matters, Melinda Lawton, and Erica Warren come together to plan the future of this precious natural area.Map of Jerrara Rainforest and Wetlands Reserve A key moment in the meeting was the strong community support for formally renaming the site Jerrara Rainforest and Wetlands Reserve, replacing the outdated term ‘dam.’This change was seen as an important step in recognising the area’s ecological value and setting the tone for future conservation efforts.Te meeting was opened by JVRRA secretary Ros Neilson who provided background on the history of the rainforest and wetlands site.Secretary of JVRAA Ros Neilson Howard H. Jones, an expert in local ecological restoration, highlighted the critical loss of Kiama’s natural habitats, revealing that only 4% of the region’s original rainforest remains, with over 400 hectares of wetlands and rainforest lost due to land clearing and development.This alarming statistic reinforced the community’s commitment to protecting and enhancing what remains.The discussion made it clear that the community overwhelmingly supports preserving Jerrara as a natural area. There was strong recognition that birdwatchers, walkers, and nature enthusiasts already contribute to local tourism by visiting the area and supporting businesses in Kiama and Jamberoo.Illawarra Birders’ Ralph Stadus shared that Jerrara hosts 185 recorded bird species, making it the most biodiverse birdwatching site in the Illawarra. Birdwatching expert Darryl Goldrick and Botanist Carl Glaister also contributed, reinforcing the need to protect the site as a vital sanctuary for native bird species.WIRES representatives, Gayle Tarrant and Heather Milroy, spoke about the new wombat rehabilitation enclosure, which will be the first of its kind in NSW.The facility, secured through a five-year renewable agreement with Kiama Council, will provide a safe pre-release environment for orphaned and injured wombats.A significant discussion point was the strong community support for a complete no-dog policy, with attendees agreeing that protecting native wildlife and ensuring visitor safety must take priority. Several people raised concerns about off-leash dogs disturbing native species and posing risks to walkers, leading to calls for clearer signage and enforcement.Joe Carter from Landcare Illawarra outlined the formation of a Jerrara Rainforest and Wetlands Landcare Group, which will focus on weed control, habitat restoration, and native tree planting.Many attendees expressed interest in joining, reflecting the community’s hands-on approach to conservation.One of the next key steps is securing an updated Kiama Council Plan of Management to ensure formal recognition and long-term protection of the reserve’s biodiversity. Contributions from local experts such as Kevin Mills and Howard R. Jones added momentum to this goal, with many attendees offering their expertise to help guide future planning.Rather than focusing on large-scale changes, the community agreed that small, achievable steps would be the best approach.The immediate priorities include:Revitalising the arboretum and restoring native vegetation.Launching the Jerrara Rainforest and Wetlands Landcare Group.Organising a community event for the Nature Conservation Council’s Picnic for Nature in October 2025.With strong community backing, expert input, and ongoing council involvement, Jerrara Rainforest and Wetlands Reserve is set to become a model for grassroots conservation in the Kiama region.The enthusiasm and expertise at the meeting ensured that this was not just a discussion, it is the beginning of real action.

This Valentine’s Day, why not celebrate a different kind of love - the love of nature? Instead of chocolates and roses, why not give back to the environment we all cherish?Join us on Friday, 14 February, for the Jerrara Wetlands Community Meeting, where we come together to shape the future of this beautiful natural space.Start your afternoon with a leisurely walk through the wetlands at 1:00 pm, soaking in the serene beauty of native wildlife and thriving bushland.Then, at 2:00 pm, gather at Jamberoo Youth Hall to share ideas, connect with fellow nature lovers, and discuss how we can protect and enhance this vital ecosystem.Whether you’re passionate about conservation, eager to volunteer, or simply want to learn more, this is your chance to show your love - for Jerrara Wetlands, for community, and for the future of our natural spaces.Register via the QR code or call Meredith on 0499 027 770 to confirm your attendance. Your input matters - we’d love to see you there!💚 Fall in love with nature this Valentine’s Day! 💚

The Bugle attended the Jamberoo Valley Ratepayers and Residents Association (JVRRA) meeting on Tuesday, 4 February 2025, where the primary topic of discussion was the partnership between JVRRA, Kiama Municipal Council, and Landcare Illawarra in shaping the future of Jerrara Wetlands.Roslyn Neilson Secretary JVRRA and Meredtih Hall Landcare Illawarra Once a decommissioned dam, Jerrara Wetlands has evolved into a thriving natural habitat for native wildlife and a valued space for community groups. Kiama Council owns and manages the reserve as community land and has been proactive in its conservation, committing bush regeneration resources to restore and protect the area.Council’s dedicated bush regeneration team has already been working on targeted planting and maintenance in key areas, ensuring the wetlands remain a vital environmental and recreational asset.In collaboration with Landcare Illawarra, efforts are now underway to establish a Jerrara Wetlands Landcare Group, which will provide local volunteers with expert guidance on weed control, native seed collection, and habitat restoration. JVRRA is playing a key role in community engagement, ensuring that residents have a say in how the wetlands are managed and maintained.A community meeting will be held on 14 February, giving residents the opportunity to contribute ideas, discuss conservation efforts, and establish a volunteer group. The day will begin with an optional on-site walk-around at 1:00 pm, followed by a formal discussion at 2:00 pm at the Jamberoo Youth Hall in Reid Park.Scan the QR code and register to attend the 14 February optiional onsite walk and community meeting hereScan the QR code and register to attend the 14 February optiional onsite walk and community meeting hereAt a recent planning meeting, local stakeholders and environmental advocates outlined key objectives, including ensuring the wetlands remain protected for conservation rather than commercial development, integrating the area into Kiama Council’s long-term planning, and fostering community involvement through Landcare efforts.The importance of documenting current users was also highlighted, as this data will help strengthen the case for continued support and funding. Regular users include WIRES, which plans to establish a wombat rehabilitation enclosure, the Rural Fire Service (RFS), which conducts training sessions in the area, and birdwatchers, bushwalkers, and conservationists who appreciate the site as an ecological haven.While attendees acknowledged the good work already being done by Kiama Council’s bush regeneration team, it was noted that efforts could be more structured under an updated Plan of Management. With no formalised strategy currently in place, most conservation work is carried out by on-the-ground expertise and community volunteers.There was broad agreement on the need for better coordination with Landcare, clearer funding streams, and ongoing monitoring of environmental indicators, such as an updated species list.Community concerns also extended to safety and accessibility, particularly antisocial behaviour near the arboretum and Mount Brandon Road, where reports of hooning and burnouts have been made. Residents suggested installing security cameras, improving accessibility with better-maintained walkways, and exploring Indigenous-led initiatives that could provide cultural and environmental education programs.Rather than developing a large-scale master plan, attendees agreed that small, achievable steps would be the most effective approach. Immediate priorities include revitalising the arboretum, enhancing walkways, and launching community-led conservation events.A Nature Conservation Council Picnic for Nature is already being planned for October 2025, offering an opportunity to showcase the wetlands and encourage broader community involvement.With strong community backing and ongoing council support, Jerrara Wetlands is poised to become a leading example of community-led conservation. The 14 February meeting is a chance for all residents to share their vision and contribute to shaping the future of this important environmental site.See previous story in The Bugle here to get insights into the extraordinary ecological value of the site 

Crooked River, like many other tidal lagoons, operates within natural cycles of opening and closing. When the river is closed, heavy rainfall causes water levels to rise until the river naturally breaks through the sand barrier at the entrance. Recent unauthorised attempts to manually open the river at Gerroa have raised concerns among locals about the long-term environmental impacts. While these actions may have been well-intentioned, illegal interference can cause significant harm to the ecosystem, according to local resident Warren Holder, who has observed the river’s cycles for over three decades.“Understanding the complexity of these systems is key,” says Warren Holder. “What looks like a simple fix - grabbing a shovel and digging a trench - can actually make things worse. Protecting the river and ensuring it functions properly is something we can achieve by relying on expert management rather than individual intervention.”This photo, taken from the footbridge looking up the river towards the road bridge on an incoming tide, highlights the excessive sand build-up in the river. Many will be surprised by the amount of sand now present in this section. Historically, closer to the road bridge, the riverbed was sandy—now, it has turned to mud, showing signs of long-term sedimentation issues.Mr Holder believes that recent attempts to force the river open were flawed. “The first attempt with shovels was ineffective because the channel was too shallow, so very little sand was moved,” he explains. “The second attempt was more successful in releasing water, but because the channel was too wide, there still wasn’t enough force to shift the sand properly.” The result, he says, is that the sand that should have been taken out to sea, gradually replenishing the beach, is now sitting in the river instead. “This makes the entrance even more prone to closing every time big seas arrive, pushing even more sand back into the river,” he says.Kiama Council policy allows the river to open naturally unless extreme circumstances require intervention. While this aligns with state guidelines, there is growing discussion about whether these should be updated to reflect new climate realities.The key question now is whether Crooked River should have a formal trigger point for intervention. A trigger point would establish clear conditions - such as a specific water level or predicted extreme rainfall event - that automatically signals when action should be taken. Looking from the footbridge towards the river entrance, this image shows the extent to which trapped sand is clogging the river. Much of this sand should be out at sea, playing its natural role in replenishing the beach. Instead, it remains within the river system, disrupting the normal sand cycle and making closures more frequent.Rather than relying on last-minute decisions or unauthorised interference, this approach would ensure openings are managed consistently and based on scientific criteria. A similar system is already in place at Werri Lagoon, where a set water level allows for controlled intervention when necessary, preventing unnecessary flooding and minimising environmental disruption.Taken from the footbridge, this image focuses on the height of the beach sand above the high tide mark. Without proper sand replenishment, the river is increasingly vulnerable to closure. Large waves can more easily cross the beach between the vegetative dunes, pushing even more sand back into the river, further accelerating the cycle of blockage.“We’re getting heavier downpours than ever before, and what worked in the past might not work anymore," says Mr Holder. “I understand why people are concerned about flooding risks, particularly for properties and the caravan park, before all the necessary approvals are obtained.With that in mind, it may be time for all stakeholders - the council, state authorities, environmental experts, and the community - to come together and reassess the best way forward.“But this is bigger than just one river. Many waterways are facing the same problems. If we don’t plan ahead, we’ll be stuck reacting to disasters instead of preventing them.”

The NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is actively investigating the source of debris balls that washed up on beaches, including Kiama’s Bombo Beach in December 2024. The exact origin remains undetermined, but the EPA is considering multiple possibilities.Authorities are examining both land-based sources - such as Sydney Water’s sewerage and stormwater systems - and sea-borne sources, including cruise ships or other vessels. The EPA is also conducting debris sampling and advising local councils on safe management and disposal.What to Do if You Find Debris BallsIf you spot debris balls or any suspicious material on the beach, do not touch them. Instead, report them immediately to your local council or call the EPA Environment Line at 131 555.Kiama Council is responsible for any beach closure decisions, but the EPA provides guidance on cleanup and disposal.For updates and FAQs, visit the EPA website.

Got old batteries or rechargeable devices sitting in a drawer? It’s time to recycle them properly and keep our community safe!Quick action by the Kiama Council driver and the RFS contained this recent fire, which was caused by the improper disposal of lithium batteries.Instead of tossing them in your household bin - where they can cause fires and harm the environment - drop them off at the Kiama Community Recycling Centre.📍 Location: 446 Riverside Dr, Minnamurra NSW 2533🕗 Hours: Monday – Saturday, 8am – 4pmThis simple action makes a big difference. Batteries contain harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment if not disposed of correctly. By recycling them at the Kiama Community Recycling Centre, you’re helping to reduce waste and protect our local ecosystem.Making responsible recycling easyWe know that habits stick when they’re simple, visible, and part of a shared effort. That’s why the best way to encourage responsible recycling is to make it easy and normal.✔ Clear action - Just drop them off, no fuss.✔ Community effort - When we all do our part, it becomes second nature.✔ A safer Kiama - Keeping batteries out of household bins reduces fire risks.Why not make battery recycling part of your routine? Next time you’re heading out, take a moment to check if you have any old batteries to drop off. It’s a small step that adds up to a big impact for Kiama!For everything you need to know visit the Correctly Disposing of Batteries: A Guide for Kiama Residents here Let’s keep our community clean, safe, and sustainable - recycle responsibly.

Crooked River at Gerroa is one of the area’s most popular spots for fishing, kayaking, and bird watching. However, its recent closure to the ocean has sparked debate among locals, with some taking matters into their own hands to reopen it. While their efforts may be well-meaning, experts warn that such actions could do more harm than good.Crooked River is part of an Intermittently Closed and Open Lake and Lagoon (ICOLL) system. These systems alternate between being open or closed to the sea depending on natural conditions. When rainfall is heavy, water levels in the river rise, breaking through the sand barrier at the entrance. This creates a channel and allows the river to flow freely into the ocean. When tides and waves push sand back into the entrance, the channel gradually closes again. Studies show that Crooked River spends around 15% of the time closed, with periods of being open lasting anywhere from one week to five years.Recent attempts by community members to reopen Crooked River involved shovels and possibly machinery, but the resulting partial opening was ineffective. Local resident Warren Holder explained, “The slower outflow didn’t dredge enough sand out to sea. The river remains shallow, and much of the sand is still there.” The sand that remains in the river creates slow water movement, making it harder for the river to stay open. This disrupts the natural balance of sand redistribution, which replenishes beaches and raises the sand height above the high tide mark. Without this process, sand is more likely to wash back into the river, leading to further closures.There are also environmental risks associated with premature openings. Improper actions can disturb acid sulphate soils, which release harmful substances into the water. This can cause fish kills, damage marine ecosystems, and leave the water unsuitable for recreation.Kiama Council has a policy to allow Crooked River to open naturally unless there are extenuating circumstances. This policy aligns with state guidelines, which prioritise natural openings to protect fish habitats and water quality. The Council’s policy also recognises that flooding is not a significant risk for permanent dwellings near the river. While monitoring continues, the Council has no plans to interfere unless conditions become extreme.Crooked River’s natural cycles are essential for maintaining its ecosystem and protecting the surrounding environment. Intervening at the wrong time can create more long-term issues than it solves. Holder added, “People need to understand that this is a natural process. We’ve seen it dozens of times - if you let nature take its course, the river will eventually correct itself.”The best thing the community can do is to support evidence-based management and trust the natural process. Kiama Council is working within established guidelines, and local groups like Landcare are excellent resources for understanding the complexities of ecosystems like Crooked River. By allowing nature to take its course and avoiding unnecessary interference, we can ensure that Crooked River remains a vibrant and healthy part of our community for years to come.

Alan Swan’s participation in the George Bass Marathon wasn’t just a physical challenge; it deepened his connection to the coastal environment and reaffirmed his passion for protecting it.With a background in environmental science and professional experience at Sydney Water, Alan brings a unique perspective to the importance of maintaining pristine waterways. “The clarity of the water, the abundance of seafood – it’s a treasure,” Alan says, reflecting on the South Coast’s untouched beauty. The marathon took Alan through some of the most stunning and undeveloped coastlines in the region, which he describes as a privilege to experience. “Seeing that made me more passionate about protecting these environments.” Alan’s environmental consciousness is rooted in his studies and his time working for Sydney Water during a critical period of improvement in wastewater management. “I worked there just prior to the commissioning of the Deep Water Outfalls in Sydney,” he recalls. “At that time, untreated sewage was being discharged through cliff outfalls at the headlands, creating appalling beach conditions.”  The Deep Water Outfalls were a game-changer, significantly improving the water quality of Sydney’s beaches. Alan’s firsthand knowledge of what happens when coastal environments are neglected drives his commitment to raising awareness about the need for sustainable practices. “The technology exists to handle waste responsibly; it’s about having the will to use it.” During the George Bass Marathon, Alan marvelled at the pristine conditions of the South Coast waters, contrasting them with his earlier experiences. “No one wants to be rowing in polluted waters,” he states firmly. For Alan, preserving these environments isn’t just about aesthetics but about ensuring future generations can continue to enjoy and benefit from them. He also emphasises the broader role participants in events like the George Bass Marathon can play in environmental advocacy. “If you want to take part in these kinds of activities, it’s beholden on you to respect and protect the environment you’re using,” he says. Alan’s passion for the coastlines extends beyond personal enjoyment. He believes in leveraging his experiences to educate others, particularly on issues such as water pollution and responsible development. His call to action is clear: “We’ve seen what happens when we overdevelop or mismanage our resources. It’s up to all of us to do better.”

We’ve all heard it from our overseas friends: “We’d love to visit, but what about the snakes and spiders?” Now, we’ve given them more to fret over, a new species of Sydney funnel web spider that’s bigger, possibly deadlier, and already infamous.Dubbed “the big boy,” this arachnid is a hefty reminder of Australia’s creepy-crawly reputation.Scientists recently discovered this “monster” spider lurking near Newcastle, confirming it as a new species after years of research. With a body twice the size of a typical male funnel web and fangs strong enough to pierce fingernails, it’s not exactly a cuddle bug.But before panic sets in, there’s good news. The existing antivenom works for this spider too, even if it delivers a more potent bite. Prevention remains key, check your shoes, avoid sticking your hands into dark crevices, and keep your home and garden tidy.If bitten, the advice is simple: stay calm, apply a pressure immobilisation bandage, and get to a hospital for antivenom treatment.So while “the big boy” might send shivers down spines worldwide, let’s embrace it as yet another wild tale to share with our visiting friends, if they ever work up the nerve to book their tickets.

Backyard chickens are a staple in Kiama, bringing joy and fresh eggs to many households. But living in harmony with nature means sharing our space with predators like foxes, quolls, native rats, snakes, and birds of prey. Some of these species are invasive, while others are protected and vital to our ecosystem.Here’s a comprehensive guide to keeping your flock safe while respecting our local wildlife.Foxes: The cunning invadersFoxes are highly adaptable and a serious threat to poultry. Known for their ability to dig, climb, and tear through lightweight wire, they can decimate a flock in one night.How to protect your chooks from foxes:Heavy-duty wire: Use galvanised mesh with openings no larger than 10mm. Lightweight chicken wire will not stop a determined fox.Dig-proof your coop: Bury wire at least 30cm into the ground or build your coop on a concrete base.Secure locks: Use strong latches on doors and windows to stop foxes from breaking in.South East Local Land Services supply cages for catching foxes where they can be humanely euthanised Quolls and native rats: Protected but hungryQuolls and native rats are carnivores. Like the bush rat and marsupial rat, they are protected species and are known to target poultry. Quolls are excellent climbers and can take adult birds, while native rats may go for eggs or chicks.How to balance protection and conservation:Fully enclosed coops: A solid roof and heavy duty very small-gauge wire will keep quolls and rats out.Natural habitats: Plant native shrubs or build hiding spots away from your coop to encourage quolls and rats to stay in their natural hunting grounds.No poisons or traps: These can harm native species. Use humane deterrents like motion-activated lights.Snakes: Silent but essential predatorsDiamond pythons are non-venomous and protected. They play a vital role in controlling pests but can target eggs and smaller chickens. Snakes often get stuck in chicken wire after eating, as their bodies expand during digestion.Do not attempt to handle the snake yourself. WIRES or a licensed snake handler will remove it safely.What to do if you find a snake in your coop:Call WIRES: Do not attempt to handle the snake yourself. WIRES or a licensed snake handler will remove it safely.Upgrade your wire: Use small-gauge galvanised mesh to prevent snakes from entering.Reduce attractants: Store feed securely and collect eggs daily to minimise food sources.Birds of prey: Aerial huntersKiama is home to several predatory birds, including brown goshawks, wedge-tailed eagles, and owls. These birds can swoop on free-ranging chickens, particularly younger birds.How to protect your flock from birds of prey:Cover your run: Use shade cloth or netting to create a physical barrier.Plant trees: Dense foliage can provide natural protection from aerial predators.Supervised free-ranging: Watch your flock, especially during peak hunting times like dawn and dusk.A community effortPredator control works best when neighbours collaborate. Foxes, for instance, often travel across multiple properties, making collective action more effective. Get involved with South East Local Land Services who run workshops to share strategies and protect both your flock and native wildlife.Coexisting with natureIn Kiama, we’re fortunate to live in a place rich with biodiversity. While predators pose challenges, they’re an integral part of our environment. By investing in secure coops and adopting wildlife-safe practices, you can keep your chooks safe without compromising the wellbeing of our local species.Note: Electric Fences and PetsElectric fences can be a safe and effective way to protect chickens from predators, but they require careful planning to ensure the safety of pets like cats and dogs. Electric fences can also inadvertently harm non-target animals, so use them thoughtfully. Combine them with other measures, like well-built coops and reducing attractants, to minimise the need for electrified barriers.While electric fences can be a helpful tool for predator control, pet owners should weigh the benefits against potential risks and take extra precautions to keep their furry friends safe.

Warm weather is here, and so are the mosquitoes. With unseasonably large swarms causing headaches in parts of Sydney, it’s clear we’re in for a buzzing summer. But there’s a way to turn this pesky problem into a fascinating project for the whole family – citizen science!Be part of Mozzie MonitorsMozzie Monitors is a citizen science program where every day Australians help track mosquitoes to assist health authorities. All you need is a simple mosquito trap, a smartphone, and a bit of curiosity. Participants set up traps in their backyards, photograph their catches, and upload the images to researchers via platforms like iNaturalist. The data collected helps scientists identify mosquito species and monitor their populations.Since 2018, more than 200 citizen scientists have joined this effort, capturing over 15,000 mosquitoes and uploading thousands of photos. Their work has provided critical insights into mosquito behaviour and improved community understanding of these insects and the diseases they carry.Why join in?Aside from contributing to valuable research, participants have found the program surprisingly educational. Families learn to identify common mosquito species, improve their photography skills, and discover ways to prevent mosquito-borne diseases like Ross River virus.Kids can enjoy the thrill of being “real-life scientists,” while parents appreciate the program’s simplicity and impact. It’s also a great way to get outdoors, engage with the environment, and learn how small actions—like tipping out standing water—can reduce mosquito risks for the whole neighbourhood.Get started this summerIf you’ve spotted mosquitoes in your backyard, why not join the Mozzie Monitors movement? Share your photos and observations on iNaturalist and contribute to this nationwide effort. It’s a fun, educational way to stay informed about the health risks mosquitoes pose – and to keep your family safer from their bites.This summer let’s turn backyard buzzing into scientific discovery. Because the best way to beat mosquitoes might just be learning all about them!

The Minnamurra River is more than just a local icon. It’s a lifeline for native wildlife, a sanctuary for biodiversity, and a cherished destination for those who swim, paddle, and picnic along its shores. Protecting it should be non-negotiable. Yet, Kiama Council’s plan to relocate its works depot to the Minnamurra Waste and Recycling Depot, situated alarmingly close to the river, has raised serious questions about the environmental risks—and whether they’re being taken seriously enough.Industrial depots are not known for their harmony with fragile ecosystems. Even with best-practice safeguards like advanced stormwater management, runoff capture, and vegetated buffer zones, the reality is that runoff can and does happen. When pollutants like chemicals or heavy metals find their way into the water, the damage is often irreversible.Council might argue that their plans will meet environmental standards. But this isn’t just about meeting minimum requirements. This is about ensuring the Minnamurra River—the lifeblood of our region—remains as pristine tomorrow as it is today. And there’s already significant pressure to get it right, particularly given the ongoing scrutiny of other major projects in the region, such as the new Shellharbour Hospital, which has faced tough questions about runoff management.Adding to this, newly elected Councillors Matt Brown, Melinda Lawton, Mike Cains, Imogen Draisma and Mayor Cameron McDonald attended the August 2024 Minnamurra Progress Association meeting and committed to protecting the river's ecosystem. Their pledge resonated strongly with the community, which is deeply invested in safeguarding this vital natural resource. The question now is whether that commitment will translate into meaningful action.The community deserves reassurance that this depot relocation won’t turn the Minnamurra River into a cautionary tale. That starts with transparency. What independent assessments have been conducted? Have alternative locations been fully explored? What long-term monitoring and accountability measures are planned?Every decision Kiama Council makes here will set a precedent. If this project prioritises cost-cutting over environmental care, it sends the wrong message—not just to the people of Kiama but to anyone who treasures the Minnamurra River. And if there’s one thing this community has made clear, it’s that the river is worth protecting.Kiama Council has a choice: to lead with integrity and foresight or to risk the very asset that defines this region. Let’s hope they choose wisely—because once the damage is done, no plan will undo it.

Every year, over 700,000 tonnes of milk—enough to fill 300 Olympic swimming pools—is wasted in Australia. This not only costs the dairy industry supply chain millions of dollars but also harms the environment. Now, a groundbreaking research project is turning that waste into valuable products, from animal feed to renewable energy.Using fermentation—the same process behind beer and bread—scientists from Dairy UP and Macquarie University’s Australian Genome Foundry are finding innovative ways to recycle excess milk. Early experiments are already showing that spoiled milk, excess colostrum, and cheese by-products can be transformed into sustainable products like protein for animal feed and eco-friendly energy sources.“These innovations could help farmers cut costs and reduce waste,” said lead researcher Dr Juan Gargiulo. “For example, milk that would normally be treated as a waste product due to spoilage could be used to produce valuable protein for livestock feed.”The research could also have benefits for consumers, such as cheaper groceries and reduced environmental impact. “This is about creating a win-win for everyone,” Dr Gargiulo said.With 70% of dairy waste occurring during manufacturing, the team is exploring commercial solutions to upcycle products like expired milk and whey. If successful, this project could revolutionise the dairy industry, turning waste into a resource that benefits farmers, consumers, and the planet.

Do you find it difficult to know how to help the environment? Are you unsure how to recycle organic waste? Many people find it challenging to understand how they can make a meaningful impact on climate change in their daily lives. But John McKew from the Australian Organics Recycling Association says there is a straightforward and effective action we can all take to combat climate change: recycling organic waste in our green bin. “Many households recycle garden organics, but an increasing number are now including food organics in green bins,” he says. Putting organic waste in the red bin sends it to landfill, where its decomposition produces methane - a greenhouse gas that’s 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, contributing to global climate change. When households put organic waste in the green bin, it’s sent to an organics processing facility to make compost, mulch, and soil conditioners, significantly reducing methane emissions. Mr McKew says organics recycling prevented almost four million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from entering the atmosphere in 2021-22. This is the equivalent to almost six million trees being planted to absorb the same amount of CO2, according to the association.Households can do their bit to reduce the impacts of climate change by separating and recycling organic waste correctly, but Mr McKew says it’s crucial to keep rubbish and contaminants out of the green bin. “Plastics are the most common contaminant, but many other items like bagged household waste, glass, metal, leather, rubber, cardboard boxes, and even food still in its packaging are frequently found,” he says. “These contaminants must be removed, often by hand, before the organics can be effectively recycled.” Mr McKew says the benefits of organics recycling extends beyond emission reductions at landfills. “The compost, mulch, and soil conditioners can enhance soil health and improve the growth of crops, gardens, and trees,” he says. “This reduces the need for inorganic fertilisers and irrigation, and increases plant survival creating a favourable outcome for both the environment and our communities.”Mr McKew says Australia’s organics recovery rate sits at just 52.3 per cent.“There’s still room for improvement and the Australian Organics Recycling Association encourages everyone to recycle their organic waste thoughtfully and to celebrate the environmental benefits of these small, everyday actions.”